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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most frequently prescribed medication for ADHD seem to balance brain chemicals and boost their levels. However, they don't cure the condition and can only help manage symptoms as long as they are taken regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medication can include changes in blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety, and tics. Some teens and children who take stimulant medications notice a slight slowing in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD. It comes in a variety of forms, such as a liquid chewable tablet as well as an oral disintegrating tablet that performs long, and a pill with extended release. The drug increases the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. This helps to improve concentration. It may also reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. When combined with other treatments such as behavioral therapy, methylphenidate may be an effective treatment for ADHD. Methylphenidate works by blocking the transporters that normally remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug can cause an increase in blood pressure or heart rate. It can also cause an abrupt change in blood sugar levels, which is why people with diabetes should be cautious when taking this medication. If you experience any of these side effects, talk to your physician. Methylphenidate may also trigger a condition known as Raynaud's phenomena that causes numbness and pain in the toes and fingers. This is an uncommon side effect, but it is important to notify your doctor if you have these symptoms. Some people are concerned that methylphenidate may slow children's growth. However it hasn't been proven. If your child is taking methylphenidate, ensure that you be attentive to their weight and height. If your child is taking a methylphenidate tablet and phenylalanine is present, it can be dangerous for children suffering from Phenylketonuria. If you have PKU, consult your physician about other formulations of methylphenidate. Stimulants are considered the first-choice medication for treating ADHD However, some individuals have issues with these medications. In these instances, doctors might prescribe another medication that works in a similar way. There are other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine in addition to methylphenidate. These are stronger than methylphenidate and can last longer. The typical dosage is every day, either twice or three times, but some people may be able to take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however they are not as effective as stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that boosts concentration and reduces hyperactivity as well as impulsiveness. It is in a class of medications called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and works by boosting levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemical messengers that control the brain's activity. It is popular with adults and children who seek a different medication than stimulants such as Adderall or Vyvanse. It is important to remember that atomoxetine does not work immediately, and it may take up to 6 weeks for the effects of the drug to become apparent. There is also the possibility of experiencing negative side effects, such as nausea and drowsiness. For the majority of patients, the advantages of taking atomoxetine far outweigh any risks. The efficacy of atomoxetine has been verified in a double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled study involving 297 ADHD patients between the ages of 12 and 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine at a daily dose 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine and placebo groups depression symptoms were less. The atomoxetine group saw greater improvements in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However, the improvement was modest (Michelson and co. 2001). In another open trial in another open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The group receiving atomoxetine had improved ADHD symptoms when compared to the placebo group and scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale increasing significantly. However, one patient developed a rash and withdrew from the study. Three patients also reported transient stomach symptoms, and one noticed an increase in fatigue. Before you begin treatment with atomoxetine, talk to your doctor about your health history and any other medications or supplements that you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as over the counter medications. It is particularly important to inform your doctor if you suffer from narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor or high blood pressure, heart disease or an unusually sudden death. It is also recommended to be wary of atomoxetine in the event that you have taken an MAO inhibitor like isocarboxazid, linezolid or methylene blue injection rasagiline, phenelzine, or tranylcypromine within the last 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion, a non-stimulant drug, can help to improve ADHD symptoms. It also helps reduce the impulsivity of children and improve focus. However it doesn't affect the brain in the similar way that stimulants do. Only prescriptions are accepted. Your doctor will decide the best dosage for you. Bupropion comes in tablets and capsules. It is important to follow the directions. If you stop taking it suddenly, you may have withdrawal symptoms. The typical dosage is two or three doses per day divided by 4 to 6 hours. The dosage can range between 100mg and three times per day to 150mg three or four time each day. The drug is absorbed by the digestive system and excreted in urine. It cannot enter breast milk. However, it can be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion raises blood pressure. It's important to monitor it frequently. In addition to helping improve the symptoms of ADHD, bupropion can also reduce depression. It can also treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors inside your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine, from reaching your brain. This helps to stabilize your mood. Bupropion can interact with other drugs It's therefore important to tell your doctor about any other medications you're taking. It's essential to let your doctor know if are suffering from any allergies. Avoid add medication adult and other stimulants since they can cause side effects to become worse. Several studies have compared bupropion with placebos in adults suffering from ADHD. These studies yielded mixed results, and many were poorly designed. Moreover, many of them excluded people with psychiatric comorbidity. Nevertheless, the data suggest that bupropion has a modest impact on ADHD. More research is required to determine positive outcomes for patients, including the improvement in their quality of life. Before effective treatments can be developed it is crucial to understand the underlying causes of the molecular types of ADHD. This requires a deeper understanding of the interplay between the molecular pathways. It is also crucial to know how anti-ADHD drugs function in conjunction with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants If the stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD don't work or cause undesirable side effects, doctors might look to antidepressants for treatment. These medications, such as imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), work by increasing the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain to aid in concentration. These older drugs may cause serious adverse effects. They are generally only employed when other drugs are not working. The first option of antidepressants for depression is usually a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram or escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still used in certain cases, despite their long history. These medications are also effective in treating neuropathic pain. They provide a pain-relieving effect that is separate from their antidepressant properties. They potentiate the noradrenephrine receptor through blocking its reuptake, and they also function as descending modulators for pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs are less toxic and have less adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also safer during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic for humans or animals. If they are abruptly stopped, they can cause significant withdrawal symptoms. To minimize these adverse effects, your physician might suggest reducing the dosage gradually over several weeks. Bupropion, a popular antidepressant that is used off-label to treat ADHD however, it is not FDA approved as a treatment for adhd. It's believed to be effective by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and acetylcholine that are found in the brain to increase concentration. It also has been proven to reduce anxiety and can be combined with stimulants for more rapid and long-lasting results. There are no FDA-approved nonstimulant ADHD medication, however many people experience relief from herbal remedies and supplements to their diets. A diet that is low in sugar and fat may also help to reduce ADHD symptoms. Some people might also benefit by staying clear of caffeine. It is essential to inform your doctor about all the medications you or your child takes, including over-the-counter medications and herbal remedies. This will minimize unwanted side effects and help prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect every person differently, which is why it's often a trial and error to discover the right drug and dosage for your child or yourself.